Colosseum (Latin Colosseum) is the most extensive and most magnificent in the amphitheatres of ancient Rome, begun by Vespasian and completed by Titus in AD 80. He rose in Rome, near the palace of Nero Domus Aurea, which was built after the burning of Rome in 64

Colosseum its name was given in VIII century, because next to him Neronov colossus. This statue was later reconstructed by the successors of Nero and was turned into a statue of Sol, the god of the sun, having added the appropriate solar crown.

Archaeological studies show that the place was inhabited around the Colosseum from the Republican period onwards, whereas assumptions and for earlier times. Found remains of many buildings from that era, located near and around the amphitheater. It is known that these buildings were confiscated and destroyed after 64, when Nero decided to build his residence there, along with ponds and many domestic buildings and gardens, which draw on information provided mainly by the ancient authors.

It is said that the most spectacular stadiums and recreational facilities in the world are affected by the construction of the Colosseum. Seating (cavea) are divided into several parts. Podium (podium), the first part is intended for the Roman senators. Lodge of the Emperor, made entirely of marble, is also in this section. Above the podium is maenianum primum, for the remaining part to Roman aristocrats who did not participate in the Senate. The third level, maenianum secundum, was divided into three Subparts. Lowest (immum) was for wealthy citizens, while the highest (summum) – for the poor. Third, the wooden part (maenianum secundum in legneis), is at the top, built by Domitian adapted for “women from the lowest class.” Inside seating (cavea), built entirely of travertine, are now almost lost. Part of the floor of the arena is Zidane, and the other part is made of wood. There are marble decorations around the podium in the corridors (vomitoria) and perhaps the niches of the main entrances to the arena.

After the first two years of putting the Colosseum, the younger son of Vespasian, the future emperor Domitian, ordered construction of the underground (hypogeum). This is a two-storey underground network of tunnels and cages under the arena, where gladiators and animals held before the start of the spectacles. Many secret doors and entrances provide easy access to the arena of animals and parts of scenes hidden in the dungeons. Large platform called hegmata, provides access to huge elephants and other animals to the arena. Under indoor arena are needed for performances. Where in the amphitheater were wild beasts, some are sloping platform railings. Had edged wooden fence on top to prevent the beasts to climb up on it. Seating (cavea) have a slope of 37 degrees with a height of 48.5 m, even as top lines have good views of the arena.

Today the level of the arena no longer exists, but the walls of the dungeons and corridors are visible in the ruins of the building. The entire structure covers an area of 160 000 square meters